Glossary - Limegreen Media

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4K: It includes 4,000 horizontal and 2,000 vertical pixels to offer an ultra high-definition video resolution.

8K: It includes 8,000 horizontal and 4,000 vertical pixels to offer an ultra high-definition video resolution.

A

ADR: Automated Dialogue Replacement is the process of replacing the on-screen dialogue with a recorded one.

AFTRA: American Federation of Television and Radio Artists is a union of TV, radio, and voice actors.

AV Mix: The act of merging audio and video sources into a single video output.

AVI: Audio Video Interleaved is a Windows movie file format developed by Microsoft.

Accent: It is a way of pronunciation specific to an individual, social class, or location.

Acoustics: A term used to describe the characteristics of a room that affect its ability to reflect sound waves in a manner that results in clear and distinct hearing.

Ad Lib: Performing and speaking without prior preparation.

Adaptation: Converting media or a program into an appropriate format for the target culture and language.

Air Date: Broadcasting date.

Airtime: It is the length or duration of a broadcast of a content segment or a program.

Ambience: It is the background sound of the surroundings in a particular location or scene.

Ambient Noise: It is the room tone or the total sound particular to the space or environment.

Analog: A continuously variable electrical signal or a media software having tangible, physical quality and presence.

Analog Audio: A type of audio or video recording in which the recorded signal is transformed into the physical representation of the waveform of the original sound.

Animatic: A draft version of a television advertisement that includes a sequence of illustrations accompanied by a voice-over, primarily created for test-marketing.

Animation: The technique of using computer-generated still images that are manipulated to create an impression of motion.

Announcement: A formal statement about an event or fact that is made public.

Announcer: It refers to a voice actor not playing any character in the script.

Articulation: It represents the distinct and clear sounds in the speech.

Associate Producer: Responsible for liaising between the post-production personnel and a production company.

Audio: It is the sound that is recorded, tramsitted or reproduced.

Audio Codec: A tool or software that transforms analog audio into a digital data stream or signal, or vice versa.

Audio Description: A type of narration used to offer details about important visual aspects in a media piece, to aid blind and visually impaired individuals.

Audio Feed: It refers to an audio signal in the process of transmitting from one point to another.

Audio Guide: An audio guide, usually provided through a portable device, offers spoken information to visitors.

Audio Mix: A polished audio file involves harmonizing voice, sound effects, and music into a cohesive and well-balanced product.

Audio Playback: Audio playback is the process of playing back recorded sound or music from a storage medium through a device that converts the electrical signal into audible sound waves.

Audio Track: A track refers to a solitary flow or pathway of recorded audio in a storage medium or mixing console.

Audiobook: It refers to an audio recording of the entire book’s content.

Audiovisual Translation: Translation of text in the context of audiovisual material, such as video, film, commercial, etc.

Audition: Trial performance that is non-paying for voice talent where the person reads the voice-over copy.

B

Back Translation: It is the act of translating the translated file into the original language without referring to the original text.

Background: The music, sound, or effects that play behind the dialogues for building a scene.

Bandwidth: The number of bits transferred to or from a communication device in one second. It is a data transmission metric.

Basic Cable Service: A package of channels by cable TV company which excludes premium or paid channels.

Basic TV Package: A package with essential channels within the basic viewer subscription fee.

Batch: A group of media assets.

Bias: The prejudice for or against a group or a person in an unfair way.

Bilingual Subtitles: Also known as dual subtitles. These are subtitles in two different languages displayed on the screen simultaneously.

Block Subtitle: It is displayed on the screen for a specified number of seconds and then replaced with the next subtitle block.

Boom: It is an overhead mic stand.

Booth: A room that is acoustically isolated and designed for recording voice talent.

Branded Content: Content created by a company to attract the attention of potential customers and promote its brand is known as branded content.

Broadcast: It refers to the public distribution of media through fiber TV, satellite, and cable.

Broadcast Quality: It refers to the achieved quality of a TV video signal by professional video cameras and TBC (time base correctors).

Bumper Music: A pre-recorded production element used as a transition to or from commercial breaks containing voice-over and/or music.

Burnt-In Subtitle: Subtitles can’t be turned off or on and are embedded in the video frames.

Buy-Outs: It refers to a one-time fee paid for voice-over services.

C

CAT Tools: Computer-assisted translation tools are used by human translators for translation.

CATV: Community antenna television (now Cable TV).

CD: The Compact Disc is a type of digital optical storage format that is used for storing digital audio and data.

Cablecasting: The programming that is carried on a cable TV.

Capacity: The average number of production output that a production studio or a single professional can ensure within a given time frame.

Captioning: Captioning is the process of displaying text on a screen that corresponds to the audio content being played.

Cartoon Voices: Character voices that go with animation or cartoon characters.

Cast Commercial: It features the performers in a show and acts as a broadcast advertisement.

Character Limit: The maximum character length of a subtitle line. It includes spaces, symbols, and punctuation.

Character Voices: A voice acting technique tailored to the persona of a particular role.

Characters Per Second: It is a reading speed measure. It refers to the number of characters displayed on the screen within a second.

Clip: It is a short piece of audio or video, typically a part of an extensive production.

Closed Captions: The process of generating and presenting a synchronized text version, which includes all the audio information. These can be dialogue, sound effects, speaker identifications, and non-speech audio, like background noises, in a media.

Commercial: A pre-recorded message that promotes a product or service (also known as a commercial or spot)

Commercial Channel: Any channel generating revenue through advertisement is known as a commercial channel.

Compression: Processing the audio signals electronically so they take up less storage space.

Consistency: Applying the same production, linguistics, or characters to the similar or same context throughout all assets of the media.

Console: A piece of equipment resembling a large desk, audio engineers use it to monitor, record, and mix a voice-over session.

Context: It refers to all the essential information outside the actual text that is required for comprehension and perception.

Contingency Budget: To overcome potential cost overruns, a designated amount of funds is added to the production budget.

Convergence: Convergence can be defined as the merging of separate communication industries such as music, film, publishing, computers, and broadcasting through technological advancement.

Conversion Order: Conversion orders refer to situations where an English template/CC/SDH or language translations is already available but is required in a different format.

Copy: Refers to the voice-over script.

Copyrights: The exclusive rights to exploit a creative product by making copies.

Copywriting: The art of crafting messages that persuade listeners to feel certain ways and act accordingly.

Corporate Presentations: A means of conveying information to an audience through visual aids such as demonstrations, introductions, lectures, or speeches to create a positive impression.

Corporate Video: A type of multimedia content created by a company to support and advertise its internal or external communication objectives, such as training, instruction, or safety, without any commercial intent.

Creative Director: An individual responsible for managing work for all other creatives at the ad agency.

Credits: These are placed at the beginning or the end of a program as an acknowledgment of work done.

Cross Cultural: Dealing with or offering a comparison to span between the borders of two cultures.

Cueing: It refers to time coding, i.e., creating a time code.

Cultural Assessment: Identification of a person or group’s cultural preferences using a comparative analysis.

Cultural Awareness: Identifying and understanding the nuances of a particular culture.

Cultural Competence: Applying experiential, academic, and interpersonal skills to increase appreciation and understanding of cultural similarities and differences.

Cultural Diversity: It refers to the differences in ethnicity, gender, race, nationality, sexual identity, religion, physical ability, beliefs, values, language, socioeconomic status, behavioral patterns, or customs among groups.

Cultural Generalization: It is the tendency to assume that people from a particular culture will have similar beliefs and values and engage them in the same manner.

Cultural Intelligence: It is also known as the Cultural Quotient (QC). It is the ability to adapt to different or new cultural settings and proper in multiple cultures.

Cultural Norms: It refers to the behavioral patterns typically associated with a particular group having distinct identities based on ethnicity, language, culture, or race, separating them from others.

Cultural Sensitivity: Understanding and respecting the emotions and needs within others’ culture and your own culture.

Culturally Appropreate: Taking into consideration the differences, similarities, and sensitivities to fit the perception of a particular cultural group.

Culturally-Sensitive Translation: Taking into consideration the cultural differences while translating a media file or any text.

Culture: It defines the patterns of shared and learned social characteristics of a particular social, age, or ethnic group.

Culture Shock: Tension or a state of distress (possibly physical symptoms) resulting from a relocation to a new and unfamiliar cultural environment.

Custom Demo: A personalized demo of voice talent on the customer-provided script.

Cut: It refers to a particular section of audiovisual content and is often used during the editing process.

D

DAT: Digital Audiotape (DAT) is a type of high-quality audio recording medium that is commonly used in sound studios.

DAW: A Digital Audio Workstation is a combination of hardware and software tools for developing and working with digital audio.

DRTV: Advertisements that prompt consumers to respond directly to the company through phone, SMS, or email, are known as direct-response television ads.

DVD: Digital Video Disc is a digital optical data storage format for media files and software.

Decode: Separating a video signal into its component elements i.e., blue, green, and red.

Decoder: It is a device that reads scrambled television signals and converts them into a visible program.

Decoding: It is the process of deciphering the meaning within messages via culturally determined context, gesture, words, or timing.

Deliverable: It is the media file required by the client to be delivered.

Delivery: Handing over the final localization media or project file(s) to the client.

Desktop Publishing: It is the process of generating documents on a computer system for large-scale publishing or small-scale local multifunction peripheral output.

Dialect: A distinct form of language spoken by individuals belonging to a specific geographical area is distinguished by its own set of vocabulary, grammar rules, and pronunciation.

Dialogue: A script containing details of two or more characters talking to each other.

Dialogue Editor: A person that focuses solely on the dialogue.

Dialogue Replacement: A technique used in production in which the editor replaces original dialogues with studio-recorded dialogues after the filming process.

Dialogue Track: It refers to the soundtrack that carries the speech.

Diegetic Sound: Any sound whose source can be seen on the screen.

Digital: Primary transmission and data storage method. Each code is given a unique combination of bits, and every bit represents the absence or presence of a condition.

Digital Audio: A process of capturing audio or video in which the signal is transformed into digital data.

Digital Recording: The process of converting sound into numerical data and storing it on a DAT or computer hard drive.

Digitization: It is the process of converting analog audio or video signal to digital data for digital storage.

Direct Broadcast Satellite: DBS is a high-power satellite used for broadcasting directly to homes.

Docudrama: A film based on a combination of documentary and fictional elements.

Documentary: A program that aims to provide an accurate account of real-life facts and events to preserve a historical record (non-fiction).

Dolby (Tm): Dolby has developed a noise reduction system called companding, which involves processing the signal before recording and then reverse-processing it during playback. This system helps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

Dolby 5.1: DolbySix channel developed a digital sound system with five speakers and one subwoofer for bass.

Dolby Digital: Dolby developed a digital film format called 5.1 channel, which can be optically recorded onto a film release print in the spaces between the sprocket holes.

Dolby SR: A noise reduction system by Dolby for film sound, which uses encoding and decoding techniques to enhance the spectral recording.

Dominant Language: Greater proficiency in any language is called a dominant language.

Downlink: Transmission of a signal from a communication satellite to a ground station.

Dry Recording: Any recording without any manipulation and effects.

Dubbing: It is the process of replacing the original dialogue of a film or video with a translated version in a different language.

Dubbing Director: An individual who provides direction to voice actors during class, session, or audition.

E

E-Learning: Learning outside the typical classroom using electronic technologies such as multimedia or online platforms.

EFX: It is the process of incorporating sound into the video during the editing process to enhance the visual effects.

EPG: An Electronic Program Guide refers to a list of shows in a time sequence within a program.

Edit: The process of re-arrangement, addition, and removal of recorded material.

Encode: Combining digital or analog video signals (blue, green, and red) into a composite signal.

Encoding: Turning your thoughts into messages via culturally determined context, gesture, words, or timing.

Encryption: The process of scrambling a signal to allow access to only specific users after the payment of a fee.

Episode: This refers to a type of media content that is part of a series and is designed to be distributed through television, radio, or online platforms.

Exclusion: The act of leaving particular categories or people or individuals out of a group.

Executive Producer: An individual responsible for overseeing the entire production project.

Export: Saving a file into your desired format.

Extended TV Package: It is a premium package with additional channels for a viewer subscription fee.

Extra: A voice talent with less than five lines is not essential for production.

F

FTP: File Transfer Protocol is a method by which media is shared over a public folder so that it is accessible from two computers on the Internet.

Film: Moving images and sound are combined in a visual art form that aims to simulate experiences and convey ideas, stories, perceptions, and emotions.

Foley: It refers to a sound stage for sourcing sound effects. It involves matching the sound with the picture.

Foley Artist: A foley artist is responsible for recording sound effects by utilizing the stage and foley process.

Footage: The unedited raw video file.

Forced Narrative: It is used to clarify speech or elements for the video viewers.

Format: It is the way any file is encoded for a specific platform, software, or player.

Frame Rate: The frequency or speed at which consecutive frames (still images) are shown in succession to create a visual illusion of motion.

Frames Per Second: It refers to the number of frames in one second.

Full Screen: Any video that occupies the entire screen.

Full-Motion Video: It refers to full-color, smooth-flowing video and is used as a standard for video playback.

G

Genre: It refers to the media category characterized by content, form, or style.

Globalization: It refers to the process of addressing the business issues associated with taking a product global.

Glossary: It is a file maintained with each title that defines characters, locations, cultural and/or fictional terms pertinent to the lore or the world of the particular title.

H

HD: High Definition (HD) is a video with 1080 horizontal lines and resolution.

HDTV: High-definition TV enables better resolution for widescreen views and sharper pictures through specially designed equipment.

Hard Disc Drive: HDD is used for media storage and can be portable or in-built into a device.

High Context Culture: It refers to a culture that utilizes implicit communication methods, such as small gestures and relies highly on context.

I

IPTV: It is a service that offers programs and other video content using the IP network.

ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network is a high bandwidth digital telephone line that is used to transmit high-quality audio over the Internet.

IVR: Interactive Voice Response is an automated phone system enabling incoming callers to access information using pre-recorded messages without assistance from any agent.

In-House Production: Any media produced in the studio’s own facility is known as in-house production.

In-Store Announcement: PA systems are commonly used in shopping centers or other public areas to make announcements.

Inclusion: The policy or practice to provide equal opportunity and resources to all minority groups.

Independent Film: A movie that is created independently, without the involvement of a major film studio’s financial or artistic influence.

Infomercials: It refers to long-format, paid-programming TV commercials aired outside peak hours.

Integration: It is the process of bringing together various individuals or groups to form a new unity while preserving the distinctive cultural identities of everyone involved.

Interactive Television: iTV enables users to interact with the media in one or more ways.

Interactivity: A communication method where the program’s output is affected by the user’s inputs and vice versa.

Internalization: It is the process of generalizing a program or product to make it appropriate for multiple cultures, languages, and locales without the need for re-design.

J

Jingle: A short music tune, commonly used for promotional purposes in advertisements.

L

Language Pair: The input (source) language and output (target) language are known as the language pair in the localization process.

Layback: Transferring the sweetened tape (audio track with the applied companding process) back to the original master tape.

Layoff: The process of copying the audio and time code from the video edit master onto an audio tape.

Layover: The process of transferring audio onto a multi-track tape or hard disk.

Library Music: The pre-recorded (royalty-free music) that producers utilize instead of original music in media.

Linear Distribution: It is a media distribution method that follows a schedule and restricts users from interacting with the media.

Lip-Sync: Matching the movements of the mouth and facial expressions of a speaker or singer to recorded audio is known as lip-syncing. It is a common post-production technique used in dubbing.

Live Action: It is the process of filming real people, objects, and animals to create motion pictures (cinematography).

Live Captioning: Real-time captioning done for a live broadcast to facilitate deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers.

Live Programming: Broadcasting of the program immediately as it is being captured, performed, or delivered.

Live Stream: A video broadcasted directly to the viewers over a platform.

Live Voice Casting: It is the process of casting voice talents by evaluating their performance during the casting session.

Localization: The process of making a product or program culturally and linguistically appropriate to the target locale where it will be sold or used.

Long Form Content: It is an extensive-time duration content. It can be a movie, TV series, podcasts, etc.

Low Context Culture: It relies heavily on explicit verbal communication methods and prefers direct communication for a better understanding of the message.

Lower Third: It refers to the bottom third of the screen, where subtitles are displayed or placed by default.

LSP: Language Service Provider is a supplier of linguistic services.

M

M & E: It is a file with music and effects (M & E), split into separate stems and used for language dubbing in a foreign language.

Machine Translation: Translation done without human intervention using a computer system is known as machine translation.

Mainstream: Something that is most popular yet most conventional at a given time.

Master: The master copy refers to the original recording from which all dubs originate.

Media Archive: It refers to a collection of media assets or files so that it is readily available for different workflow needs.

Media Assets: Everything included in a physical video, such as music, images, and audio files.

Media Forms: It refers to the technological channels using which the media (newspaper, radio, TV) is produced, distributed, and consumed.

Media Platform: A method, site, or service responsible for delivering media to the audience.

Media Products: It refers to the particular design of a media form (video, film, program, article, etc.).

Media Synergy: A combination of media assets that supplement each other and share similar characteristics.

Meme: A unit of cultural detail or information that one mind transmits to another mind either verbally or by demonstration.

Metadata: The information accompanying a media file that provides details about the audio-visual or other content.

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface is a communication protocol that enables synthesizers, drum machines, computers, and other processors to interact with and/or control each other.

Mix Cue Sheet: A sheet tracking notations for volume levels, footage, fades, and equalizations used in soundtrack mixing.

Mixing Board: It is a device sound engineers use to combine sounds for various audio signals.

Monitors: It refers to the loudspeakers in the control room.

Mono: A recording is termed as monophonic when a sound emanates from one source.

Monochronic Culture: Sequencing actions based on one thing at a time principle is known as monochronic culture.

Montage: It is the process of selecting, editing, and integrating separate sections of a media asset using software to develop a complete and continuous sequence.

Mother Tongue: The first native language of a person that they have learned from birth.

MP3: A widely accepted technology and format used to compress audio sequences into small files.

Multichannel: Multichannel refers to a final mix that contains more than just stereo information.

Multiculturalism: Appreciating cultural diversity so that various ethnic and cultural groups retain their distinctive identities.

Multimedia: A technology that enables video, sound, text, graphics, and images to be combined into a single program.

Multiplexer: It is a device or equipment used for mixing TV signals into a single video recorder.

Multitrack: A device that can record and play back multiple tracks simultaneously.

Music Cue Sheet: A music-track list for acquiring usage rights to use in production.

N

Narrative: The way or approach of telling the story plot.

Narrative Subs: Any text that appears On Screen and is plot-pertinent is referred to as a Narrative. This could be a text message, a window sign, a close up of a book cover, etc.

Narrator: The one who tells the tale to the viewers.

Native Advertising: A strategy to advertise a product through media by organically aligning the content, format, and purpose of the program.

Native Speaker: A person who has spoken a language from the age of five and has a standard accent specific to that region.

Native Stream: Native stream refers to the reference or source language used for subsequent work. In the case of a Chinese show being translated into French using an English template, English would be considered as the native stream, since the translation would be done in English not Chinese

Neumann: It is a leading manufacturer of recording microphones.

Non Diegetic Sound: Any sound, music, effect or narraction not visible on the screen and added separtely.

Non-Broadcast: It refers to the public distribution of the media that is accessible at any time.

Non-Linear Distribution: It is a media distribution method that does not follow a schedule and lets users interact with the media.

Non-Union Project: Any voice-over project that is not compliant with a voice-acting union standard.

NPVR: It is also a media distribution system that lets users record the program.

NTSC: A group to regulate US TV broadcasting specifications formed by the Federal Communication Commission (National Televisions Standards Committee).

O

On Hold: An automated phone system that plays pre-recorded messages to callers while they wait to be transferred to a representative.

On-Screen Titles: Excluding the subtitles, all the text displayed on the video frame is called on-screen titles.

Open Captions: These captions are burned into a video track, become a part of the video, and cannot be turned off.

Optical Sound: It is a type of soundtrack containing a record that takes form of the variations of a photographic image.

Origination: The process of developing or producing the original program, audio, or video asset.

Origination Order: Origination orders refer to orders where English template/CC/SDH or a language translation are required for creation.

OTT: It is a streaming media service provided directly to viewers over the internet.

Over Speed: Any subtitle event or piece of text that goes over the read speed, as specified in a particular style guide.

P

PAL: It refers to a 625 line and 25 frames per second TV signal standard, incompatible with NTSC, used in Europe.

Paper Noise: The noise that the microphone captures when the voice actor shuffles the script.

Patch: A digital connection for broadcasting or recording.

Pause TV: It lets viewers pause and resume the program.

Pay Or Play: It refers to a contract provision in which the production company is liable to compensate the voice talent or actor whether the project goes into production or not.

Pay TV (STV): Pay TV or Subscription TV is a service for which users pay a monthly fee.

Pay-Per-View: A television service that requires viewers to pay to watch a specific video or program.

Phrase Match: The recording technique where the length of phrases in the source and target language match, but the lip movements are not required to be in perfect sync is known as a dubbing style.

Picture In Picture: PIP is the visualization effect where a small video window is superimposed over a large one, and both play simultaneously.

Pink Noise: A noise in the background that gradually decreases in amplitude as the frequency increases.

Playout: Transmission of television channels or radio from a broadcaster to broadcast networks for delivering content to the audience.

Podcast: A collection of audio files that can be subscribed to and streamed on any device at any time.

Polychronic Culture: Multiple tasks are handled simultaneously, while time is subordinate to interpersonal relations.

Pop Filter: A foam that covers the microphone to reduce popping sounds.

Positioning: Positioning refers to the location of a subtitle event on the screen.

Post-Editing: The act of human editors reviewing and enhancing the output of machine translations to improve its quality.

Post-Production: All the work done on the media after production, such as SFX, editing, etc., comes under post-production.

Pre-Production: It involves production preparations such as concept development, defining goals, and production planning.

Pre-Recorded Programming: A program that is not broadcasted immediately after captured, performed, or delivered.

Prime Time: The schedule or time of a television or radio that is expected to attract the largest audience.

Pro Tools: Avid Technology has created and launched a digital audio workstation that caters to the needs of professional audio production.

Producer: An individual responsible for overseeing and managing voice-over sessions.

Production: The process of media creation.

Production Specifications: It includes the instructions, directives, preferences, and expectations provided for a particular production by the client.

Production Subs: Production Subs contain dialogues, and on-screen text as part of the subtitle file (i.e., Narrative subs, dialogues, and sound effects in case of SDH or CC).

Program Format: It defines the general character of the program, e.g., news, reality, entertainment, etc.

Promo: It is a spot developed by a radio channel or TV and used for the promotion of upcoming shows or programs.

Proofreading: Reviewing the production materials to find and fix mistakes made during production.

ProRes: It is a high-quality video format for exporting and editing master media files.

Proxemics: It is a study related to human perception and the use of organized space.

Proxies: These are lower-resolution versions of media files used for editing, recording, and mixing references and easy file transferring.

Public Service Broadcaster: It can be defined as a TV or radio broadcaster, independent of government but financed by public funds.

Q

QA: A system is in place to guarantee the quality of localization efforts (Quality assurance).

QC: Quality Control refers to various controls designed to guarantee the expected or agreed-upon localization output.

Quadraphonic: Quadraphonic refers to a sound system that uses four channels or speakers for sound reproduction.

R

Re-Use: The compensation of a voice talent for re-running a spot using their voice.

Read Speed: It refers to the pace at which an average viewer can read subtitles on a screen.

Reading Speed: Also known as presentation rate. It is the speed or rate at which subtitles are displayed on the screen.

Receiver: A TV set that consists of an audio amplifier, tuner, and a speaker.

Render: Combining all media elements in a single file.

Residuals: It refers to the continuing payments of voice talent for airing a spot using their voice.

Resolution: The picture detail reproduced by a video system and is influenced by the camera’s internal optics, pickup, lens, recording medium, and playback monitor.

Retake: It means redoing the audio recording at the client’s request.

Reverberation: It is the continuation or prolongation of sound caused by multiple reflections.

Reverse EPG: Media distribution system that enables users to scroll back through the EPGs (electronic program guides) to watch already aired programs.

Rich Media: A type of media offering an interactive experience with animation, audio, video, text, or games.

Rollover: A TV or radio program repeating immediately after the first broadcast.

Royalties: The payment the licensee makes to the licensor in exchange for the right to use the physical asset or intellectual property.

S

SAG: Screen Actor’s Guild is an American union of performers and film actors.

Script: A text guide explaining the content for a performance or production.

SDH/ HoH: Subtitles that cater to individuals with hearing impairments by merging both subtitle and caption content into a unified file are known as “Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing” or “Hard-of-Hearing subtitles”.

Season: During a specific time, television networks introduce a set of new TV shows, typically consisting of 24 episodes for a full season.

SECAM: It refers to a 625 line and 25 frames per second TV signal standard used in former communist block countries, France, and other areas, including parts of Africa.

Segregation: Grouping individuals or particular categories of people to separate them from others.

Session: An event where a voice actor performs a script while being recorded.

Session Fee: The compensation that the voice talent gets for a recording session.

SFX: Artificially created or enhanced sounds used in film, television, video games, and other media to enhance the overall audio experience.

Short Form Content: It is a short-time duration content. It can be a TV commercial, promo, trailer, etc.

Shot Change: The transition from one cut or scene to another.

Showreel: A short audio file to showcase the work of a voice-over agency or voice talent, also known as a sizzle reel.

Simulcast: Broadcasting the same program to multiple transmitters.

Sitcom: Sitcom or situation comedy refers to a humorous TV show featuring the same characters on each program, that usually airs once a week.

SMPTE: It is a time code standard for audio, video, and film named after the Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers, responsible for sanctioning recording systems in North America.

Soap Opera: A type of television or radio show that usually focuses on the daily experiences of a same group of characters.

Sound Board: Also known as an audio console or a mixer, the engineer merges multiple inputs to send over the speaker as one signal with it.

Sound Design: Custom sound effects are utilized in post-production to enhance the expressiveness of media.

Sound Effects: Sounds that are either created or enhanced artificially, to emphasize the creative and artistic intent of the content.

Sound-On-Sound: A technique where the sound that was previously recorded on one track is transferred to another track while incorporating new material.

Soundtrack: The audio component of a video recording, which is usually complex, consists of voiceovers, background music, and sound effects.

Source Connect: It is a platform developed by Source Elements and used for remote studio session recording and monitoring via the Internet.

Source Count: It defines the number of words in a file that need to be translated.

Source File: A document containing the original source material in its unaltered form.

Source Language: It refers to the original language of the file before it was translated.

Source Text: It is the text or material subject to localization.

Speach-To-Text: The process of converting voice audio into text material using software (STT).

Spot Checking: The QC process involving checking random areas of a video for pertinent errors.

Spotting: It is the process of placing subtitles on the video timeline concerning the timing of their screen appearance so that the subtitles are synchronized with their corresponding spoken dialogue or on-screen text.

Standard Definition: SD refers to a video file with less than 720 horizontal lines of resolution.

Stem: A stem is a separate or individual audio output for a group of tracks.

Stereo: It uses two separate sound sources to create a natural human hearing experience.

Stereotypes: Over-generalizing assumptions and beliefs about a particular group of people.

Storage: A server or hard drive to save or stock up all media files.

Storyboard: It presents the concept of a video by the art director and copywriter for a client presentation.

Style Guide: A set of guidelines provided to the translator that outlines the expected writing standards, tone of voice, and specifications for the final output.

Sub-Culture: It refers to a subdivision or part of a dominant culture with distinctly integrated attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

Subtitle Editor: A software used for creating, editing, and synchronizing subtitles in a video file.

Subtitle Event: Each screen of subtitles is referred to as a subtitle event.

Subtitle Placement: It refers to the position of the subtitle on the screen.

Subtitle Template: It refers to the list of ‘master subtitles’ containing the already defined ‘in’ and ‘out’ times.

Subtitling: Subtitling is the process of adding written text to a video or film to provide a translation of the dialogue in a foreign language.

Surround Sound: Sound that emanates from speakers positioned above or at the back of the audience.

SVOD: Subscription Video on Demand is a service that requires users to pay a monthly subscription fee to access the bundled content.

Sweetening: It is a process used in post-production to enhance the recorded audio by adding additional audio and effects.

Sync: The act of aligning multiple tracks to match a voice, to ensure that they start or end simultaneously.

T

Tag: The concluding segment of a commercial typically includes details such as a specific date and time, contact phone number, website address, and a legal disclaimer.

Take: It refers to each attempt by the voice talent over the recording.

Talkback: In an audio console, there is a button linked to the microphone that enables the sound engineer or dubbing director to communicate with the voice talent present in the booth.

Target Language: It refers to the desired language the material needs to be translated into.

Text-To-Speach: Software is used to convert text material into voice audio (TTS).

Theatrical: It is a type of content produced for cinema distribution.

Time Coding: The process of timing the audio signals or dialogues in the video.

Time Stamps: These are timing markers added to an audio or video transcript.

Timed Recording: A recording technique that involves setting a specific time limit for each line or section of the script, which must be adhered to without exceeding it, is known as time-constrained recording.

Timeline: It is a sequential visual representation of media within the editing software.

Titles: These are on-screen moving images or text that help illustrate points in a video.

Trados: It refers to a Translation Memory Editor commonly used in translation.

Trailer: A feature film’s commercial short preview, made to be displayed at the movie theatres in the future.

Transcoding: Converting one media encoding format to another.

Transcreation: Taking into consideration the cross-cultural adaptation while translation of a marketing copy and advertisement.

Transcription: It is the systematic representation of speech in a written form.

Translation: Converting the meaning of a source language text to the target language text.

Translation Management Platform: TMP is a web-based or desktop application facilitating a collaborative environment for localization projects.

Translation Memory Software: It automates the storage of matching sources and TMS (target language segment) for future use.

Transmission: The actual delivery of the video and audio segment of the program from point to point.

Transponder: The part of a satellite responsible for broadcasting the signal.

Tuner: A device responsible for receiving RF signals from an antenna or other RF sources and decoding them into separate video and audio signals.

Turnaround Time: The entire duration required to complete a project.

Tutorial: It is a process of transferring knowledge as part of a learning process.

TV Channel: It is the frequency band assigned to a television station.

TV Everywhere: It is a media distribution system that lets users access the program from any device upon user account identification.

TVC: It refers to a short TV commercial or advertisement aired during the break on a TV channel.

U

UHD: Ultra High Definition includes 4k and 8k video resolution.

Union Project: Any voice-over project that is compliant with the voice acting union standards.

Uplink: Transmission of a signal from a ground station to a communication satellite.

Usage Fee: An additional fee is paid to the voice talent for airing a spot using their voice.

V

Verbatim Subtitles: Word-to-word subtitling of dialogues.

Video Frame: A still image (single frame) taken from the video file.

Virtual: It is the representation of something, not the real thing.

VOD: Video on Demand is a media distribution system enabling viewers to access videos without following a broadcasting schedule or any playback device.

Voice Demo: It refers to a pre-recorded audio file demonstrating the talent of a voice actor.

Voice Demo Casting: Casting voice talent by evaluating their performance in the pre-recorded voice demos.

Voice Library: It is a database storing various voices based on different criteria, such as gender, language, pitch, etc., for casting voice talent.

Voice Over: An audio recording used in movies or broadcasts where the speaker’s voice is heard without any accompanying visual image.

Voice Over Agent: An individual representing voice talent to producers and casting directors.

Voice Talent: A voice-over artist/actor, entertainer, or broadcast performer.

VR: A virual world that users can access using a VR headset.

W

Walla: It is a post-production technique to create the effect of imitating the background crowd.

Watermark: It protects the file from unauthorized usage as a digital print on media makes it worthless beyond the means of reference.

WAV: The Waveform Audio File Format (WAV) is a standard audio file format that was jointly developed by IBM and Microsoft. It is used for storing audio bit streams on personal computers.

Wet Audio: It refers to the processed or affected audio signal that has been altered by adding effects such as reverb or delay.

Wet Recording: It is the processed audio recording.

White Noise: A persistent noise in the background that maintains a consistent volume throughout all detectable frequencies.

Widescreen: Any window or object that occupies the screen at an aspect ratio of over 1.33 to 1.

Wild Recording: Recording the audio or video content without any time restrictions or matching the length of lines or sections to other versions of the script.

Word Count: The total number of words in a text is typically used as a reference to quote the translation or localization projects.

Words Per Minute: It is also a reading speed measure. It refers to the number of words displayed within a minute on screen.

Workstation: It is a disk-based recording and editing system.

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